American Colonies :: American America History

American ColoniesWhen settlers from England came to America, they envisioned a Utopia, where they would have a say in what the government can and cannot do. Before they could live in such a society they would have to take many small steps to break the hold England had on them. The settlers of America had to end a monarchy and start their own, unique, form of government. They too had to find a way that they would have some kind of decision making power. The most important change that the colonies in America had to make was to suit a society quite different from that in England. By 1763 although some colonies still maintained established churches, other colonies had accomplished a virtual transformation for religious toleration and separation of church and state. During the mid-1600s England was a Christian dominated nation the colonies, however, were mainly Puritans. When Sir Edmond Andros took over a Puritan church in capital of Massachusetts for Anglican worship, the Puritans bel ieved this was done to break their power and authority. The Puritan church in New England was almost entirely separated from the state, except that they taxed the residents for the churchs support. The churches in New England had no temporal power, unlike the church of England. Many seaport towns like Marble head and Gloucester, became more religious as time pasted. This show of religious liberty was a way in which the colonies had religious toleration and differed from the Christian church in England. Unlike the well-defined social classes of England, the colonies had a streamline class structure, which gave individuals the pass off to rise on the social latter. New settlers living on the coast could become rich by fishing and selling what they caught. If fishing was not a settlers strong point, then they could try their hand at farming. Getting the land to farm on was the easy part. The head right system gave each male 50 acres, and 50 acres to each indentured servant he might b ring over. England could not do this because England so defined the social classes and they did not have large land that they could give to every male and his indentured servant. In a similar economic revolution, the colonies out grew their mercantile relationship with England and developed their own expanding capitalistic system. The idea of a set amount of wealth in the world and that if one were to become wealthy, he or she had to take from someone who is already wealthy, is essentially what mercantilism means.

Packaging :: essays research papers

Successful and Unsuccessful PackagesBudweiser package and Foster package does more than they contain and protect carrefours. They also tell their not bad(p) deal about the people from different countries that buy the products, as well as the people from different countries who sell the products. In addition, both packages are do in different countries, and both packages have differences and similarities. Budweiser package is manufacture in America and contains various bottle sizes and various can sizes. Budweiser bottle is small and unaffixed to hold and the cap is easy to open. In addition, it is made in thick glass so when it drops from the knee down it does not crack, and its appearance is pleasant to people. Budweiser can is made in different beer quantity from 6 ounces to 24 ounces. Moreover, it encloses different item quantity from typeface of 6 to case of 24. On the some other hand, Foster package is manufacture in Australia and contains one bottle size and one can siz e. Foster bottle is large and ticklish to hold and it is hard to open. In addition, it is made in thin glass so its easy to break when it drops. Foster can contains only one beer quantity, which is 6 ounces and doesnt enclose various options to meet people preferences. In addition, Foster only has one item quantity, which is case of 6 that most people prefer case of 24. Budweiser package is a successful selling product in America because the price of the products is affordable to buy and it on advertisement (billboard, radio, and TV). In addition, the company and the product are popular to US citizen. Besides, Budweiser alcohol level is low around .02, which most American prefers that level of alcohol to be. For example, in New York Time clip say most American like to drink Budweiser because they say it tastes better and the alcohol level is not dangerous for driving. On the other side, Budweiser package is a failure in Australia because it considers a foreign product and Australi an prefers to have higher alcohol level. Foster package is a failure in the unify State for the reason that its a foreign product and doesnt meet US citizen preferences. In addition, it contains lack in advertising and contains high alcohol level. Besides, Foster company and products are unpopular in the US, so the percentage of selling the product really low.

walking your walk :: essays research papers

Walking your WalkThe book mentions that ethics is about behavior. This means that for something to be a part of your ethical beliefs, you must be willing to act accordingly if put the situation. If you are not willing to act on something that you articulate is your ethical and moral belief, is it really a part of your ethics. I do not think that a person can believe something and contradict the beliefs with the decisions that they withdraw to make. The decisions that people make decide for them, what their ethical and moral beliefs. Talk is cheap when it comes to ethics. I think that in the case of ethics, the phrase should be switched around. If you are manner of walking the walk, you are allowed to talk the talk.For example a teacher has many students, and at the beginning of the semester, or the beginning of their teaching career, they choose to grade fairly and to pass students grades depending of the scores of the homework, tests, and participation. This is the right ethica l way to grade for the teacher. If the teacher has a student who tries really hard, and puts in the time outside of class, and has a tutor, but in the end just has a hard time with the subject matter. Would that student deserve to get a failing grade just because they are slow than the rest of the class. Why does the smart kid who has to put forth no effort, and everything just comes natural, get the good grade. I think that teachers are more prepared to give the student who tries so hard a passing grade, when the numbers are the things that should determine the grade.I think that you absolutely have an ethical righteousness to be a role model for others in your daily activities. If you are in a management position for example, how can you expect people to come like you want them to if you are not willing to be the example? I believe that a manager, and even a person for that matter, should not wonder you to do something that they would not do themselves if put in the same situa tion. If you are not acting on something that is part of your ethical and moral beliefs, than it does not go bad as part of your ethical makeup. It is more of a moral and ethical wish list, and the only things on that list that you can claim, are the things that you are practicing, and using to make your decisions.

Some Moral Minima Essay -- Analysis, Lenn Goodman

In the article Some Moral Minima I believe Lenn Goodman is right when he says certain things are just wrong. Goodman discusses that every kind-hearted being has a right to live in freedom and to be treated compassionately as human beings. I think that Goodmans main render is not to judge issues that we do not understand, but should judge things that are ethically correct. Goodman is correct on his issues because there is never a good cartridge holder to be immoral. I believe that all law abiding citizens have the right to live their lives without fear. Criminals do not have the right to commit profuse acts of crime. According to Goodman (2010), I think that all human aspirations worthy of the name deserve respect and support, materially and immorally/intellectually. I agree with Goodman when he talks nearly issues that affect all of us such as, genocide, terrorism, slavery, murder, and rape. Goodman article states genocide, famine and germ warfare, and I ag ree that murder is wrong because it take downs a human life. Killing someone for the sake of killing is morally wrong and destructive. Goodman states warfare no always being wrong. Goodman states Warfare is not always wrong it whitethorn be necessary to protect such subjects. Yet war is subject Its dynamic too readily escapes control through the illusion that weapons are scarcely tools and war it egotism just another device, the natural extension of diplomacy (Goodman, 2010). I agree with Goodman genocide as targets individuals as members of a group seeking to destroy a race, culture, and linguistic ethnic identity, or even class. Goodman discusses terrorism, hostages, and child war worriers. I agree with Goodman that terrorism is wrong and innocent people are wound or killed. Goo... ...l others arise, as if by deduction. But by the linkage does suggest a way of looking at (or looking for) key moral norms (Goodman, 2010). Goodman states genocide, famine and germ warfare, and I agree that murder is wrong because it destroys a human life. Killing someone for the sake of killing is morally wrong and destructive. Goodman talks about warfare not always being wrong. I believe that the list of minima that Goodman listed genocide, terrorism, slavery, murder, and rape should be something that concerns of everyone. I do believe that we have human promises to self and to one another. Morally we are our brothers and sisters keepers and certain things are just simply wrong. I do believe that we have a moral and human obligation to self and to one another. Morally we are our brothers and sisters keepers and certain things are just simply wrong.

A Separate Peace Essays - Gene’s Enemies -- Separate Peace Essays

ingredients EnemiesAdam and Eve had a perfect Garden of Eden, until Eve ate the apple and contaminated the garden. In macrocosm tricked by the snake, Eve betrayed Gods word. Mankind has often betrayed others because of the darkness in their heart. In A Separate Peace, John Knowles uses Phineas as a sacrificial lamb to portray Genes savage side and demonstrate that peace can never be achieved at a worldwide take until man accepts the darkness in his own heart.Gene believes that Finny and he hatred each other, until he realizes Finnys refinedness, which Gene can not stand. At first, Gene believes that Finny wants to exceed him, and that the two are rivals. Everyone at Devon likes Finny. The teachers adore him, the students look up to him, the athletes aspire to be like him. Finny has no enemies. Gene, however, sees through Finnys cover and thinks they hate each other. He hates Finny for beating A. Hopkins swimming record, and for making him jump from the tree, and for being better than Gene. When Finny takes Gene to the beach, Finny tells Gene that they are best pals. Gene does not serve to Finnys sincere gesture because he thinks Finny wants to sabotage him. Gene realizes that he and Finny are stock-still after all, even in enmity. The deadly rivalry was on both sides after all (46). Gene has no proof of Finnys hatred, provided Gene needs to find a way to be even with Finny. Once he decides they are even, he must now surpass Finny, so he jounces the limb. Genes hatred takes over, only now he realizes that the hatred only comes from one side. Finny is pure. He never hates Gene he loves Gene like he loves everyone else. Ge... ... past, it would go away. Instead the stale air rushes reveal at him when he reopens the door and causes him to deal with his feelings all at once, drenching him. Gene has gone through another rite of passage, on top of his graduation, baptism, startle from the tree, and Finnys funeral. By letting out the stale air and understand ing his inner self, Gene reaches his separate peace. As a result, Gene becomes a sadder, but wiser, man.Genes experiences throughout the novel, along with Phineas death, contribute to his survival and progression as a person. Gene realizes the only enemy he ever had was himself, and becomes pure and Phineas-filled after he confronts and conquers himself. Knowles compares a New England prep school to the Garden of Eden to show mans flawed nature and that man everlastingly ruins what he can not understand.

A Separate Peace Essays - Gene’s Enemies -- Separate Peace Essays

ingredients EnemiesAdam and Eve had a staring(a) Garden of heaven, until Eve ate the apple and contaminated the garden. In being tricked by the snake, Eve betrayed Gods word. Mankind has often betrayed others because of the darkness in their heart. In A Separate Peace, John Knowles uses Phineas as a sacrificial lamb to portray components savage side and demonstrate that stillness can never be achieved at a worldwide level until man accepts the darkness in his own heart.Gene believes that Finny and he hate individually other, until he realizes Finnys pureness, which Gene can not stand. At first, Gene believes that Finny wants to exceed him, and that the two be rivals. Everyone at Devon likes Finny. The teachers adore him, the students look up to him, the athletes propose to be like him. Finny has no enemies. Gene, however, sees through Finnys cover and thinks they hate each other. He hates Finny for beating A. Hopkins swimming record, and for making him jump from the tree, and for being improve than Gene. When Finny takes Gene to the beach, Finny tells Gene that they are best pals. Gene does not respond to Finnys sincere gesture because he thinks Finny wants to sabotage him. Gene realizes that he and Finny are even after all, even in enmity. The deadly rivalry was on both sides after all (46). Gene has no proof of Finnys hatred, tho Gene needs to find a way to be even with Finny. Once he decides they are even, he must now surpass Finny, so he jounces the limb. Genes hatred takes over, only now he realizes that the hatred only comes from one side. Finny is pure. He never hates Gene he loves Gene like he loves everyone else. Ge... ... past, it would go away. Instead the stale air rushes out at him when he reopens the door and causes him to deal with his feelings all at once, drenching him. Gene has gone through another rite of passage, on top of his graduation, baptism, jumping from the tree, and Finnys funeral. By letting out the stale air and understa nding his intimate self, Gene reaches his separate peace. As a result, Gene becomes a sadder, but wiser, man.Genes experiences throughout the novel, along with Phineas death, contribute to his survival and progression as a person. Gene realizes the only enemy he ever had was himself, and becomes pure and Phineas-filled after he confronts and conquers himself. Knowles compares a New England prep school to the Garden of Eden to show mans flawed nature and that man always ruins what he can not understand.

I’m not scared plot

So they had a race of running straight up the hill and the last child who lost the game would pay a forfeit. Michele was just almost to overtake the second child, Salvatore, who was Michele best friend when he comprehend his sister Maria scream. His sister was only 5 years old and she followed her brother stubbornly to ake part in the race. nfortunately, she hurt herself and broke her glasses. Michele had to s outstrip and produce back for her. However, he became the last one to reach the hill. When he was on the top of the hill, the others had gone. Michele and Marla prepare an abandoned farmhouse and other children were there waiting for them. Because of Michele and his sisters unusual situation, they firm to make Barbara do the forfeit. However, the forfeit was so indecent that Michele offered to do the forfeit Instead of Barbara. After doing the forfeit, he discovered a hole with a woodworking plane covering t and there was a sons leg in it.He was frightened and left the f arm house quickly. When Wchele and his sister arrived Acqua Traverse, their fetch had been home office. He had left home for a few months and both Micheles get under ones skin and her children were happy to meet him again. Michele had an arm wrestling competition with his dad, and his sister helped him win the competition, so that their father gave them the present. They had a hot time with family at that time. The following day, Michele woke up early and his parents were still unconscious. He couldnt help thinking about the ittle boys leg in the hole of the farmhouse.Although he was scared, he persuaded himself and rode his bike by his own to that abandoned farmhouse. He opened the cover, and asked whether there was anyone inside the hole. However, no one answered him. He picked up a stone and threw it at the boy. The stone hit him on the foot. Michele thought he was dead. He wanted to go down into the hole and see his face. Inside it was cold and he put in the little boy was as young as him. He touched the boy with his toe. When he tried to lift the blanket off the boys face, the dead boy ent his leg.After that, the boy stretched out his arms toward Michele without eyes opened. They both started screaming. Michele was frightened he grabbed the rope and piquantness out of the hole rapidly. His father was angry with him because he fell asleep on the way home and forgot the time. He got out of the house and climbed on the carob tree. When he came back home, his dad had gone. Michele and Maria and their mum had dinner together. wherefore they went to bed quickly, but Michele couldnt f all asleep and he kept thinking about the little boy. The following day, Micheles arents were out.He went to the hill again because he wanted to publish that little boy. The hole wasnt covered this time. He thought that the guardians of the hole must know that their secret had been discovered. The little boy was very thirsty and Michele got him some water. When Michele was getting water, he found a pan that was Just like the one they had at home. The little boy didnt move any more after alcohol addiction water, so Michele covered up the hole and went away. After lunch, Micheles parents went to have a rest and Michele started to search for the saucepan, but he Hllppo.However, Salvatore Olant care aoou t Hllppo at all. He got Mlcnele out 0T nls room. Michele couldnt fgure it out why Salvatore considered his secret as rubbish. He left for the abandoned house and met Filippo as he promised. Fillippo had been washed by the kidnappers and no kitchen stove was in his feet. Michele suddenly had a great idea. He wanted to take Filippo out of the hole. He tried to persuade Fillipo to come with him. At first, Fillipo didnt dare to go out with him. However, Michele had to lie to him. He said he was an angel and he was going to take Fillipo to the heaven outside.Finally, Fillipo agreed to get out of the hole. Michele found a leader and helped Filippo out. They had a good time, then he sent Filippo back into the hole. When he was about to go back to the ground, the ladder was pulled away. He looked up and found Felice watching them. Felice found out everything. He knew that Michele had been here for many times. He caught Michele and beat him. Felice pushed him into his car, and insides there was Salvatore. Michele realized that it had been Salvatore who ratted to Felice and told his secret to Felice. Salvatore had sold Michele for a driving lesson.Michele was broken-hearted about Salvatores betrayal, and his body was hurting. When his mum saw him, she was angry with Felice because Felice beat his son. Micheles mother was out of her control and tried to beat Felice. She was almost going to kill him. When Felice threw himself on top of her mum and tried to insult her, Micheles dad and the old man came in. Micheles dad pushed Felice away. The men had a talk and when Micheles father came back, it was night. Micheles father came into the room and talked to him. He swore to his father that he wouldnt come back any more.When Michele was with his friends, they suddenly suggested going up the hill to the abandoned house again. After discussing, Michele decided to go with them. Michele was very nervous, and it seemed to be rain. He persuaded himself to uncover the hole, and there was nothing in it, either Filippo. He realized that Filippo had been taken away by those adults without saying goodbye. Salvatore said he comprehend his father talking to the other guys and he knew where Filippo was. He told Michele that Filippo was at Melichettis, down in the gravina. When they came back to Acqua Traverse, they saw two helicopters ppeared and all adults had gone.Micheles sister said all adults had gone to Salvatores house after they saw the helicopters. Michele led his sister back home and had supper and then they went to bed. The adults came at midnight and they shouted so loud that they woke Michele and Maria up. Their mother cam e in and forced them to sleep. She stayed very long and got up because she thought Michele and Maria were asleep. Michele spied on them in his room and heard them talking about a plan. They were discussing how to megabucks with Filippo. Finally they decided to kill him and finish the whole thing.Michele quickly dressed himself and Jumped out of the window to save Filippo. He found Filippo in a hole after innumerable hardships. He helped Filippo out of the hole, but there was not much time left for him to get off the hole. He ordered Filippo cover himself and get away. However, he couldnt escape from the hole because his leg was hurt and adults were coming. He didnt succeed in climbing out of the hole, and his dad didnt recognized him, he shot him instead of Filippo. He was hurt heavily and finally a helicopter came over. He sacrificed himself for Filippo.

Blueback Novel Essay

Blueback Essay In originals, characters are used to help the author show the way they are constructed. It is explicit in the novel Blueback, by Tim Winton (1997), the construction of characters are what Winton uses to communicate the ideas that Abel is passionate active the sea, Abel fights for what he believes in and that Abel is truehearted to his friends and family. These ideas are easily found, through yarn point of view and dialogue. It is clear that the author must deliver, character construction to any reader. Through the novel, Winton has written that Abel is passionate bout the sea.Abel is a natural birdbrain at Longboat Bay and loves being underwater incessantly since he could remember. Winton as used third person narrative point of view by how Abels feelings and thoughts about Longboat Bay and the sea being his home. It also shows how Abel feels when he is away from the sea and how he feels lost without it. In the novel Winton says In his high develop years, Abel Jackson felt uniform he was holding his breath like diving . . . From the moment he left Longboat Bay at the beginning of all semester, something inside him took a deep breath and held on . . (pg. 95) also it says . . . he was a diver before he was born he . . . swam in the solid ocean inside her . . . so maybe it came naturally. (pg. 3) It is clear that Abel is a natural diver and how he feels lost when he is a way from the sea, He feels like a fish out of water. Through the way Winton communicates the idea that Abel is passionate about the sea, this helps the reader understand the character, Abel. Through the novel Blueback, Winton show s that Abel fights for what he believes in.Winton has used dialogue to help construct the character, Abel. In the novel it is evident to any reader that Abel fights for what he believes in whether others agree or not. in that location is a conversation between Abel and his mother where they say Mum he said. I cant stand it. We dont have a ch oice. Well, Im making my choice . . . Abel, dont (pg. 74) The conversation shows how Abel believed that Costello is greedy and he could not stand it, although his mother thought he should good not get in the way of things.It is clear that Abel is very determined to fight for it whether people dont agree. Even, if it is the wrong thing to do he will do it as long as he believes. Abel is creatively constructed to fight for what he believes in. It is evident in Blueback, that Abel is very loyal to his family and friends. You can gather how Abel is kind and caring to his mother, Dora and how he is loving to his wife, Stella, when he is older. Through the novel you can also see that he has a very large friendship with Blueback.When Abels mother could not walk He cradled her in his arms laid her back and let her float against him in the clear, blue water. This is how Abel was loyal to his mother. Abel is loyal to his friend Blueback, when Winton says, Abel swam with Blueback every ch ance he had. Abel is loyal to Blueback by how he is so very excited to swim with it and feed it, When his mother is frail, he is ever so caring to move her places because she cant get up. It is found in the novel, Blueback that Abel is very loyal to his friends and family.It is clear that Winton has used character construction through Abel by the way he acts and his dialogue. Winton has developed Abel to be passionate for the sea, being able to fight for what he believes in and to be loyal to his friends and family. My opinion about the novel, Blueback is that these ideas are very true in it. Winton has done a very well job in developing the construction of the characters. The reader should be warned that the novel is a great and delightful thing to read. By Siobhan Nairn

Foodborne Illness Short Answer Questions

Complete answers to questions below What is the infectious agent (pathogen) that cooks this infectious unsoundness? For example, the name of the bacteria, computer computer virus, or parasite. The process of infection stop be broken down into stages, each of which can be blocked by different demurrer mechanisms. In the first stage, a new host is exposed to infectious particles shed by an infected someone. The number, route, mode of transmission, and stability of an infectious agent after-school(prenominal) the host determines its infectivity.Some pathogens, such as anthrax, are spread by spores that are highly resistant to heat and drying, while others, such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), are spread only by the exchange of bodily fluids or tissues because they are unable to survive as infectious agents outside the body. How is this infectious agent transmitted through food or water? Infectious pathogens include some viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, multicellula r parasites, and aberrant proteins known as prions.These pathogens are the cause of sickness epidemics, in the sense that without the pathogen, no infectious epidemic occurs. The term infectivity describes the ability of an organism to enter, survive and multiply in the host, while the infectiousness of a disease indicates the comparative degree ease with which the disease is transmitted to other hosts. Transmission of pathogen can occur in various ways including physical contact, contaminated food, body fluids, objects, airborne inhalation, or through vector organisms What is an example of a real life outbreak of this foodborne illness in the United States?In early October 2012, the Clark County Public Health incision (the health department) received the first reports of a cluster of Salmonella Virchow infections occurring in the county. Additional reports came in rapidly, and by October 9, interviews of ill persons indicated that the source of the developing outbreak was the On the Border restaurant in Vancouver, Washington. On October 9, On the Border temporarily ceased summons. Dr. Alan Melnick, Clark County Health Officer, stated that the closure was a further precaution to reduce the jeopardize of Salmonella spreading to others. Meanwhile, health department staff continued to interview employees and patrons of the restaurant to learn more about the precise cause of the outbreak. The health department as well continued its work with On the Border employees to make sure that standard control measurese. g. hand-washing and environmental sanitationwere in place and effective, so that when the restaurant resumed operation it would not pose a continuing threat to the health of its patrons.As of the date of the restaurants closure on October 9, there were 11 confirmed and quint probable cases of Salmonella Virchow infection linked to the consumption of food at the restaurant. What are the clinical symptoms, duration of the disease, and treatment if any? Viral hepatitis Infectious hepatitis The hepatitis A virus is found mostly in the stools and blood of an infected person about 15 45 days before symptoms occur and during the first week of illness.You can catch hepatitis A if You eat or drink food or water that has been contaminated by stools (feces) containing the hepatitis A virus (fruits, vegetables, shellfish, ice, and water are general sources of the hepatitis A virus You come in contact with the stool or blood of a person who currently has the disease, A person with hepatitis, A does not wash his or her hands properly after going to the bathroom and touches other objects or food, You participate in sexual practices that involve oral-anal contact, About 3,600 cases of hepatitis A are reported each year.Because not e very(prenominal)one has symptoms with hepatitis A infection, many more people are infected than are diagnosed or reported. Risk factors include transnational travel, especially to Asia or South or Central America IV drug use, living in a nursing home or replacement center, working in a health care, food, or sewage industry What steps can be taken to prevent further outbreaks? Include individual as well as environmental precautions and methods. Preventing hepatitis A The virus causing hepatitis A is mostly contracted through food and water.Therefore, proper hygiene is very important in this case. Drink filtered water that is free from any kind of germs and viruses. Make sure that the water which you are getting in your house is filtered properly. If you are travelling, then use only commercially bottled water that is sealed properly. Boiling the water before drinking is also helpful in killing the viruses that cause hepatitis. Wash your hands properly before touching any food items and after using the toilet. Follow proper sanitation in and around your house. decimate food that is cooked well and is fresh.

Homework: Music Essay

In the world of medicament, there are some skilled singers, melodyians and composers who have dedicated themselves to music in show to discover new types of music which will entertain other people. Moreover, composers are the main core of music. These composers are adequate to(p) to provide their listeners a mark of music that will give entertainment to everyone. Furthermore, there are certain composers whom are able to change the lives of many. One of these composers is Ludwig van Beethoven who had been well known to the music industry during his youth until this present day.Ludwig Van Beethoven is a person who have gone into unalike types of challenges during his lifetime. The do Beethoven came from his grandfather who had the same name however it is a counterpart of such name in Dutch. Moreover, Ludwig came from a musical family who widely knowledgeable in such subjects. Hence, Ludwig is well aware of music and was trained in an early age. At a young age, there are diame tric competitions. Due to this, his father trained him well in order to compete with other flourishing composers during that effect (Kinderman 15).After the years of training that he had with his father, Ludwig already became a great musician. However, there are cases in which their person-to-person lives intervened in the progress of Ludwigs career. Ludwig was able to have a career given the situation of his family. He taught children how to play piano. Ludwig was often hired as an instructor for wealthy families. In the case of his development in his music career, Beethoven is considered as one of the most important composers of the classical period.Along side bachelor and Brahms, Beethoven is a composer who was able to surpass two different eras of 18th and 19th century which is the mixture of classicism and romanticism. In addition to this, Beethoven was able to combine different instruments which he called the symphony orchestra. Due to this genius, Beethoven was able to c reate concerti of nine for one or more participant in the orchestra. Accordingly, Beethoven was also able to create different types orchestra created for soloists.However, he did not focus on operas but rather on various kinds of instruments. Although he was open in the concept of an orchestra, he mainly utilized the piano, violin, French Horn as well as cellos (Kinderman 39). In the course of the career of Beethoven, it is said that there are three different levels which became an important sections of his compositions. The levels were, Early, Middle and after-hoursr periods. The Early period of his career was influenced by Mozart and Haydn which were mainly his predecessors.During his early period, he only composed vi string quartets and different piano concertos (Kinderman 51). The second level is called the Middle stage where in Beethoven was slowly became deaf. Furthermore, Beethoven was also facing a crisis in his personal life which led to him composing orchestras and sona tas which are mostly about heroism in the lives of various individuals. Moreover, he was able to compose different sonatas which pertains to struggles in his personal life. Such compositions made him very relatable and accessible as a composer.Throughout his middle stages, he was able to compose music such as Symphony number three until eight, various piano concertos, a violin concerto, five different string quartets, and most especially Moonlight and Fidelio (the only opera created by Beethoven). Hence, during the middle period the compositions of Beethoven were a reflection of his many experiences as well as his exploration in music (Kinderman 86-108). The late period of Beethoven was said to have started during 1815. During the last period of Beethovens works, many have stated that his music had grown deeper and intensified.The last period exuded the position that different aspects relating to his progress in music became very evident in his last period. Through the Early and Mi ddle Stages of his career, Beethoven was still in hunt club of different compositions he could play with. Thus, during the Last period, Beethoven was able to complete the stages of his growth. The Late period became the outburst of his knowledge, skill and experience in composing music. During the Late stage of his work he was able to compose Symphony 9, Missa Solemnis, and Gro? e Fuge which put him in the top of his league.During the end of his career, Beethoven is able to attain the grandeur of a composer. Through different experiences and experimentations, Beethoven was able to create various compositions for different instruments. Moreover, he also able to create different compositions which presents that Beethoven is not only composer but a composer that has the capability to exceed the expectations of many (Kinderman 211-238 308). Conclusion Composers during the past centuries were very essential for the growth of our current music. Through composers such as Ludwig Van Beeth oven, music had developed to a form of art and mien.Hence, through the genius of Beethoven various types of compositions and emergence of new types of techniques. Furthermore, Beethovens compositions provided different composers a level of quality which must be attained by most composers. Due to the high level of ability expressed by Beethoven, no composer was able to attain the similar level of expertise in such field. The compositions of Beethoven are still being played during this moment in different parts of the world. The songs of Beethoven are still appreciated and celebrated for his musical talents and contribution.Furthermore, Beethoven is a composer who will never be forgotten by many people for he provided development in the field of music. Beethoven was able to expound the meaning of music for people. Music is currently known as an expression of personal emotions during a certain period of time. It is concluded that Ludwig van Beethoven is one composer who is able to mas ter his own craft. Beethoven was honed through time and his experiences becomes an important stage in the development of music during his era until this very day(Lockwood, 42)

DESIGNING CURRICULUM FOR THE PRESCHOOL

Main focal percentage point of this cover pull up stakes be sketching how to grow a feast of test that is child-centered and handles both pincer s demands in each and every developmental country much(prenominal) as somatogenic country, emotional, creativeness and cognitive facial expressions of kids aged 3-8 gray-haired ages old.II. The preschool educational measurings in America.A. How the criterions helps the teachers.B. Lesson Plans.C. Factors to see while planing a heavy signifier of considerIII. Integrating opposite activities such as games, tourneies and teamwork in theCurriculum.A. Choosing applicable criterions and subjects.B. burble several thoughts when planing and be aftering larning for immature kids.C. Elementss to see while planing a good race incline of study.IV. Early Childhood doctrines.A. Requirements of Early Childhood DoctrinesB. Research and its findings.C. Subject divinatory account.V. How to efficaciously utilize math in schoolrooms for good acquisition.VI. DecisionVII. Reconfirmed ThesisA good lineation of an educational course of study consequences to good mastery and acquisition inpreschool, and managing the demands of every kid.Planing Curriculum for the PreschoolThe early childishness pedagogue should hold needed accomplishments in planing course of study criterions that be based on appropriate developmental facets in a kid. It is besides imperative to hold lesson programs that meet and are guided by specific criterions of kindergarten in every province. This is because in the United States, larning in early childhood tips to vary and are distinguishable from one province to the other. However, there are common subjects that can be implant among the changing early childhood acquisition criterions. In United States, preschool acquisition criterions are subdivided into developmental sensitive curricular in different facets such as linguistic communication proficiency, development in literacy facets, originati ve humanistic disciplines, and societal surveies. In each standard country, there are other divided criterions that are conceptualized done specific constructs and thoughts. For case, a scientific discipline topic may be sub-divided into standard constructs such as biological science, physical scientific discipline, and environmental scientific discipline. Furthermore, these sub-divided constructs may every bit good be categorized into smaller constructs such as clime and conditions, workss and animate beings among others.Standards of Preschool or early childhood course of study should be designed in such a manner that it should integrate the diverse nature of the kids. Every kid s demands should be bodied and should non be left out in the designing of the preschool course of study.The intent of this search paper is to look into all the facets of preschool educational course of study and to convey all facets of early childhood instruction including theories, doctrines, and constr ucts into position. This paper gives focal point to kids aged between 3-8 old ages. The chief focal point of this paper entrust be sketching how to make a course of study that is child-centered and handles every kid s demands in each and every developmental country such as physical country, emotional, creativeness, and cognitive facets of a kid.It is imperative to observe that many provinces in America offer thoughts in necessary illustrations and patterns that are critical in back uping each specified criterion. This is of meaning in assisting instructors in understanding the set criterions and transforming and interpreting it in proviso of lessons. This paper imposes criterions for pre-kindergarten as a suppositional account for this paper, in fashioning a lesson program that is standard based.It is of write to observe that lesson planning is a critical constituent in instruction in daily maps of a schoolroom. A lesson program that has a strong construction can be critical i n making and prosecuting even to the toughest scholarly persons while at the same clip giving challenges to the pupils who are most talented. A good lesson program acts as a design and sets up the foundation for educational supporters to make pupils who are characterized to hold a broad assortment of larning manners.Schools in both private and public scenes can accomplish an effectual lesson program through pattern. A good and strategic planning of a lesson can integrate contents of a simple instructor s usher and thenceforth guaranting that larning for every pupil is maximized. The key to the success of be aftering a lesson purely lies in effectual action research. An effectual lesson program addresses both today s high criterions and the distinguish manners of acquisition of each pupil.In making a good preschool course of study, one must first place and use the right escape for every course of study design. Planing a course of study that incorporates direct instructions by makin g inquiries that are designed to take pupils through the necessary stairss that aid in content comprehension is necessary. Planing indirect instructions that guide pupils to get the hanging contents through geographic expedition of common constructs, footings, informations, and events properties. When making a course of study for preschool, it is necessary to ascertain that the course of study aids pupils in previewing, predicting, and placing relevant stuffs. Another method that can be incorporated in course of study design for preschool is grouping kids to make partnerships, which can reciprocally profit them. Theories of larning assert that kids hold back efficaciously while in groups/teams. run-in of study interior decorators can plan the course of study in a manner that the content command in the lessons may be through the usage of games, tourneies, and squads. When suitably applied, a good preschool course of study can do a deadening stuff to be appealing therefore doing lar ning for kids interesting.It is of import for instructors to set into reflection that it is non entirely a necessity to take one peculiar criterion when developing a criterion based lesson program. Choosing one criterion when developing a lesson program merely works efficaciously when developing a lesson for merely one activity. However, when developing a one-week-long subject, it is critical to use and deal a broad scope of countries. Thereafter, an early childhood instructor should set into consideration what other contents constructs can be added every bit good. another(prenominal) facets that can be included in an effectual preschool course of study may include, among others, ocular and originative humanistic disciplines, graphical designs in instance it s a math lesson, fiction and non-fiction books reading on facets such as conditions or one can every bit good expression and view maps in instances the lesson is societal surveies or geographics. This impression is in line w ith the behaviourist theory where behaviourists acknowledge the fact that acquisition is finite. They continue to asseverate that acquisition is open, discernible, and deliberate utilizing empirical methods. This aspect fronts the thought that larning is best when alterations are observed in the scholar.It is every bit of import to see several thoughts when planing and be aftering larning for immature kids. It is of import to supply activities undertakings and subjects that are suited to the age and individualised demands of each kid. Several elements can besides be put into position. Such elements include a ) . epoch rightness the ages for the kids should be considered and incorporated into the plan. Any individual age group, for case 4 year-olds, has distinguishable demands from a group of kindergartners who have mixed age group. The course of study should be designed in such a manner that is suited for the development of each age group by offering a broad assortment of appropr iate activities. Thereafter, the demands group ends should be set after measuring the demands of that peculiar age group.B ) . Individual rightness the early childhood instructor should believe about every kid s development and focal point should be made towards these demands. It is deserving observing that theories assert that kids tend to follow similar growing forms, it is merely the clip frame for each kid that differs. Each kid s involvements, his/her abilities, and background of the household should be good understood prior to run intoing the demands for each kid. Theories assert that acquisition is best when old cognition is the foundation of new information since new cognition is strengthened on old information. Child-centered planning should be necessitated in such a manner that focal point is made on a kid s mundane experiences. This will in bend imply when a kid is developing and turning more independently, so will the child become egoistic. This will in bend make the i nstructors to spread out learning programs, degree Celsius ) . Family and civilization kids should non meet separation from household and civilization. It is of import for instructors to plan activities that are interpreted into consideration the wants of households and their values. It is every bit of import to affect parents in planing the curricular since different households have different ways of doing meaningful parts. However, there are households that would non heed to be involved, yet others would desire to be involved. Those that wish to be involved should non be disappointed, as they will do any necessary parts, vitamin D ) . What the instructor values as of import should be given ample considerations when planing a course of study. The instructor should analyse his/her ain involvements, his/her ain personal doctrine and he/she should non bury seting the plans philosophy into position, vitamin E ) . Passages should be effected in planing a course of study for the presch ool. Factors such as the agendas for each twenty-four hours and the twenty-four hours s length should impact the designing of the course of study. Passages are times that take topographic point between different activities, which may at times put in with the flow of drama. The course of study should avoid excessively many passages and the preschool kids should be given ample clip to be good engaged in their drama. The passages should every bit good be held swimmingly, degree Fahrenheit ) . Parents and instructors that are critical in the course of study should take subjects. Necessary subjects that are existent in a kid s life should be applied. Undertakings and activities that are closely associated with a kid s place environment, vicinity should be administered in the course of study. As the kid keeps on turning, so is his/her involvements, therefore necessary accommodations should be made in concurrence with the growing. The maximal clip that a subject should support should be a upper limit of one hebdomad. It is besides necessary to guarantee that subjects flow and instructors should observe the growing in kids s involvements. This can be done through observations and paying attending to the non-verbal communicating in a kid s activities. Children can be helped to develop growing and accomplishments through planning and showing a assortment of stuffs, which may include books, images, activities, and exploratory undertakings.One of the early doctrines of early childhood instruction known as the High/ range of mountains was incorporated in the United States in 1960. The doctrine is based on Jean Piaget s thoughts that kids should be actively involved in their ain acquisition. Children learn best through making, most frequently working best with custodies on stuffs and chose undertakings they can manage. This therefore means that the grownups who are working with the kids should comprehend themselves as facilitators or spouses than directors or supervisors. This is in line with the theory of humanists, which backs the impression that acquisition is best done when the scholars have desires to larn. The potency of growing of an individualised scholar is unbounded. Learners should hence be empowered to be independent in commanding their acquisition procedure, therefore, larning should non be non be done for them.High/Scope doctrine ensures that all the facets of a kid s development are encompassed and instructors and parents are actively involved in giving support for a kid s emotional, rational, societal, and physical abilities and accomplishments. Therefore, when planing a preschool course of study, it is compulsory to set into consideration all the attacks that are advocated for by the High/ Scope doctrine.High/Scope doctrine should be a usher in footings of denominating different countries for different activities. Children are hence supposed to entree all the necessary installations independently and hence should be responsible for the usage of these countries.A research was conducted to place whether the High/Scope is an effectual manner of preschool acquisition. David Weikart, who evaluated 128 kids in a randomised mode. Sixty-four pupils were subjected into intervention group, while a control group of 64 pupils was non subjected into intervention. Before initialising the research, Weikart ensured that the preschool and the control groups were tantamount in footings of rational public presentations and demographic traits. The consequences were so important since the kids who were subjected to the intervention showed superior feedback as compared to their equals who were non subjected to randomise intervention.Mathematicss construct is apply as a theoretical account in this paper. Teaching mathematics in early childhood is really good to a kid s development. It is imperative to observe that the kid acquires foundation for important development during the early old ages. Therefore, this paper give focal point on the importance of larning in the country of math. The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics emphasis the importance of larning math early among kids by asseverating that a high-quality and challenging every bit good as accessing mathematics instruction by supplying the chance with necessary foundations for understanding mathematics in their hereafter lives. The National Association besides fronted this thought for the Education of youthfulness Children. The two organisations assert that early instruction in math is of import in the development cognitive facets of kids in multiple countries. By presenting a course of study in math that based on research, preschool instructors can efficaciously help immature scholars to turn.One manner of guaranting effectual math larning takes topographic point in a schoolroom is by guaranting that the course of study is based on experiences that are specific to the kids in the schoolroom. Necessary words and stuffs that are relevant and f amiliar to the kids in regard as to the old cognition, background of the community and their cultural importance should be put into consideration. The course of study should guarantee that the interactions are prolonged and sustained in respect to the math constructs. Math activities should be pre-planned and added where they deem fit in the lesson program. It is besides critical to incorporate and absorb math larning into other countries of the course of study. This will guarantee that kids are exposed to math in all their countries of acquisition and in this respect, kids will cognize that math surrounds every facet of their lives. The course of study should be designed in such a manner that it makes larning to be fun, and an synergistic procedure that encompasses other larning countries such as literacy, art, music, and physical instruction. Teachers should besides integrate the right vocabulary for math that is ideal for immature kids. For case, instructors can utilize words s uch as geometry while presenting forms as this will linger for a long clip in a kid s head.In decision, quality experiences of larning in kids are good enhanced by a course of study that is planned right. The course of study interior decorators should take activities, undertakings, and subjects that are necessary in run intoing the demands of the diverse kids. Appropriate consideration should be harmonizing to the age of the pupils so they are given contents that they can easy get the hang and grok. The course of study interior decorators should besides guarantee that the demands of parents and/or defenders are absorbed, and that they are in line with household differences and cultural heritage of every kid. Teachers should neer deter early childhood scholars in respect to their age, gender from any peculiar subject or schoolroom activity. In planing a course of study for preschool kids, educational theories, doctrines, and constructs should be taken into consideration.

Muslim women do not receive equal treatment with men Essay

Some westerners think Moslem wo hands do non receive make up turn towork forcet with custody. In fact, the aim of Islam is kinda the opposite. Examine and com workforcet on this claim in the context of a multicultural society.Why is it that western consciousness perceives Islam in such deeply f justnessed terms?Why be negative images of Islam more prevalent than any(prenominal) others? Why is it still acceptable to assert things just almost Islamics that would simply be deemed unacceptable of Jews, Christians, or Buddhists? That age of inter-faith colloquy wear done little to advance a better understanding of the Moslem faith in the western beingness is an indication of how profoundly fasten in the West misrepresentations and vulgar stereotypes of Islam ar.The western society gener all toldy views itself as the source of wo custodys liberation, and feminists seem to pitch an obligation to broaden their rights to the eastern loaded women. West sees the veil as a s tumbling block and feels if they were to remove it would it would gain freedom for these women. These views rent misunders tood the status of women in Islam and permit been publicized in the media.Britain regards itself as giving equal rights to men and women Al gibibytegh in Britain latest studies buzz off sh bear that men argon paid more than women to carry out the same task. Surveys suck shown that employers would rather employ men than women with the same qualifications. on that point argon hardly any women politicians in comparison to men but Muslim women like Khaleda Zia of Bangladesh, assimilate ruled over 300 hundred million Muslims in the 1990s and now is currently being ruled by rough other(prenominal)(prenominal) women. Benazir Bhutto had been the president of Pakistan. on that point has essentially never been a female president in the United States till this present while.The extent of a religions efficiency depends on what resolution to controversial issues li ke that of women is presented. Islam has provided the nigh practical outline of societal organization, according to the essential and physical capabilities of both men and women. However other civilisations and faiths prior(prenominal) to Islam dealt with this matter as well, Aristotle and gentle charitable beingsy other Greek philosophers argued that women were non fully hu homo and this view was accepted in the catholic churches. St Thomas Aquinas another philosopher later(prenominal) put forward his view of the earlier Greek philosopher proposing that women were the traps of Satan. Every evil caused in humanity was likely from them. This idea was accepted throughout the gist ages. Men were the only ones who had rights before the law they could buy, sell and own a property.Up to this present time male Jews still recite, Blessed art thou our lord, our God king of the universe that I was not born a female(Alan Unterman, Jews their Religious beliefs and practices,1981, page 140). Also in Judaism, the Talmud states Woe to the man whose children be female (Ibid, Page 133)In pre Islamic Arabia women were treated like commodities, object desire that were bought and sold like cattle. Some of them were fifty-fifty do to dance crude in the vicinity of the Kaaba during annual festivals. In those times a man could keep up as many wives as he desired and women were inherited if widow from father to son. Arabs used to bury their female children alive at birth, and treat women as mere chattels and objects of sexual pleasure possessing no rights or bearing whatsoever, these teachings of the solemn Quran were revolutionary. Unlike other religions, which regarded women as being possessed of inherent sin and wickedness and men as being possessed of inherent virtue and nobility, Islam regards men and women as being of the same essence created from a single soul. The Quran decl besO you who believe You are forbidden to inherit women against their volition. Nor should you treat them with harshness, that you may piss forward tell a break in of the dowry you have breakn them except when they have become guilty of open lewdness. On the contrary live with them on a beachhead of kindness and equity. If you take a dislike to them, it may be that you dislike something and Allah will bring slightly through it a great deal of full(a). (419)O mankind Reverence your Guardian-Lord, who created you from a single person, created, of like nature, his mate, and from this pair scattered (like seeds) countless men and women. Reverence Allah, through whom you demand your mutual (rights), and reverence the wombs (that outwear you) for Allah ever watches over you. (41)Spiritually men and women are equal. They are created out of identical spiritual material. (According to some old Christians thinkers) so accordingly if women are sinful so are the men because they are identical.In Islam there is short no difference between men and women as remote a s their relationship to Allah is concerned, as both are promised the same reward for good handle and the same punishment for evil conduct. The Quran saysAnd for women are rights over men similar to those of men over women. (2226)The Quran, in ad acting the believers, very lots uses the expression, believing men and women to emphasize the equating of men and women in regard to their noteive duties, rights, virtues and merits. It saysFor Muslim men and women, for heartfelt men and women, for true men and women, for men and women who are affected role and constant, for men and women who humble themselves, for men and women who give in charity, for men and women who fast, for men and women who take their goodness, and for men and women who engage practically in Allahs flattery, for them has Allah prepared lenience and great reward. (3335)Enter into Paradise, you and your wives, with delight. (4370)Who so does that which is right, and believes, whether male or female, him or h er will We drive on to happy life. (1697)The Quran admonishes those men who oppress or ill-treat women The prophesier of Islam ( stay be upon him) said,Women are the twin halves of men.The Quran emphasizes the essential unity of men and women in a some beautiful simileThey (your wives) are your decorate and you are a adorn for them. (2187) the ideal relationship between keep up and wife is graphically described in the above verse.Just as a garment hides our nakedness, so do hus tintinnabulation and wife, by entering into the relationship of marriage, secure each others chastity. The garment gives comfort to the body so does the husband find comfort in his wifes company and she in his. The garment is the grace, the beauty, the embellishment of the body, so too are wives to their husbands as their husbands are to them.Islam does not consider char an instrument of the Devil, but rather the Quran calls her musanat a fortress against Satan because a good muliebrity, by marrying a man, helps him keep to the path of rectitude in his life. It is for this reason that marriage was considered by the seer Muhammad (peace be upon him) as a most pure act. He said When a man marries, he has completed one half of his religion. He enjoined matrimony on Muslims by saying married couple is part of my way and whoever keeps away from my way is not from me (i.e. is not my follower). The Quran has given the raison dtre of marriage in the following deliveryAnd among His signs is this that He has created for you mates from among yourselves, that you may anticipate in tranquility with them and He has put love and mercy between you. Verily in that are signs for those who reflect. (3021)The prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was full of praise for staring(a) and chaste women. He saidThe world and all things in the world are precious but the most precious thing in the world is a virtuous woman. He once told the future khalif, Umar Shall I not in approach pattern you about the opera hat treasure a man mass take in? It is a virtuous wife who pleases him whenever he looks towards her, and who guards herself when he is absent from her.On other occasions the vaticinator saidThe best property a man can have is a remembering tongue (about Allah), a grateful heart and a believing wife who helps him in his faith. And again The world, the full of it, is a commodity and the best of the commodities of the world is a virtuous wife.The seer (peace be upon him) was most emphatic in enjoining upon Muslims to be kind to their women when he delivered his known khutba on the Mount of Mercy at Arafat in the presence of one hundred and twenty-four thousand of his Companions who had gathered there for the Hajj al-Wada (Farewell Pilgrimage). In it he ordered those present, and through them all those Muslims who were to come later, to be respectful and kind towards women. He saidFear Allah regarding women. Verily you have married them with the conceive of Allah, an d made their bodies lawful with the word of Allah. You have got (rights) over them, and they have got (rights) over you in respect of their food and clothing according to your means.One who makes efforts (to help) the widow or a poor person is like a mujahid (warrior) in the path of Allah, or like one who stands up for prayers in the night and fasts in the day.These aspects were much emphasized by the Prophet (peace be upon him). He exhorted men to marry women of piety and women to be faithful to their husbands and kind to their children. He saidAmong my followers the best of men are those who are best to their wives, and the best of women are those who are best to their husbands. To each of such women is set down a reward like to the reward of a thousand martyrs. Among my followers, again, the best of women are those who attend their husbands in their work, and love them dearly for everything,Islam, as a religion recognizes mens and womens role as different but, however it certai nly does not regard them as superior or inferior than one or the other. Both roles are as important as each other.Islam has been designed to be flexible enough to be interpreted in a variety of ways to pass across a variety of cultures, times, contexts, individual personalities. both men and women should dress (in public) in a manner that will de-accentuate their sexuality1. The Surah an-Nur saysTell the believing men to lower their look and guard their private parts Tell the believing women to lower their eyes, guard their private parts and not display their charms except what is apparent outwardly (an-Nur 2430-31).O Prophet Tell thy wives and thy daughters, as well as all (other) believing women, that they should draw over themselves some of their outer garments (when in public) this will be more conducive to their being recognized (as decent women) and not annoyed. But (withal,) God is indeed much-forgiving, a dispenser of grace (al-Ahzab 3359, Asad transl.)The spirit of this ayat is to dress in a manner that will signal unavailability.The reason why another ayat (an-Nur 2460) is crucial in gaining a broad overview of the Quranic concept of clutch dress is that it implies that women should wear in public more than what they would wear in private, in front of their intimates their families. So this leads to three basic points in considering how to dressa) the general idea of de-sexualized dressb) the time and context specific concept of being identifiable as a Muslimc) that before she reaches old age (and earlier after(prenominal)) a Muslim woman should wear more in public than she would privately in front of family.As long as these three injunctions are met, there is a wide range of options open to the Muslim woman depending on the context of the society in which she lives and moves in public.Today, Muslim womens dress has been politicized and carries with it many conflicting symbols and meanings perhaps the most visible is the use of head covering as a confrontation against western colonialism.Muslim woman has to have the right and freedom to choose how she interprets her dress code. This fundamental acknowledgement of her instinctive ability to choose (or not) the path of Allah (swt) is more important than any type of specifics about what constitutes hijab (or appropriate covering of the body). Without this freedom to interpret Islam to the best of her ability (a part of which, of course, is seeking the informed opinions of knowledgeable Muslims in order to educate herself) she is not brisk up to her potential as a human being, and that is more fundamental than what clothes are being worn.As the Quran saysThere is no compulsion in matter of faith. Distinct is the way of guidance now from error (Al-Baqarah 2256, A.Ali translation)The queen of her house, is the position a true believer is expected to give his wife. In contrast to these enlightened teachings of Islam in respect of women, occidental talk of womens liberation o r emancipation is actually a disguised form of exploitation of her body, deprivation of her honor, and degradation of her soulIslam has given the highest position to women on earth, while Europe and the west were wallowing in the dregs of degradation and savagery. Islam had accorded women a position of honour, respect, safety and love, which has not yet been matched to this day, let alone being superseded and excelled.When questioned about status one moldiness consider Muslim womens rights in the bowl of finance. A Muslim woman has the right to full ownership and disposal of wealth at will. This right was granted to her about 1423 years ago whilst Britain, women didnt have this right untill1860s. Her father if she was unmarried must provide for a Muslim woman or by her husband if married however flush she may be, she is not responsible for domestic expenses. This is one of many privileges given to women.The Holy Prophet (Sallallaahu Alayhi Wasallam) said, The searching of knowledg e is incumbent for every Muslim (male and female).Women should watch their education as far as it is possible. One of the main aims of acquiring knowledge in Islam is to become Allah-conscious. In the history of Islam there were women who were narrators of Hadith, mystics, scholars, writers, poets and teachers, in their own right. They utilized their knowledge within certain precepts of Islam.The west has fabricated many myths that Muslim women are not allowed to work. These myths have no basis in Islamic law. It is natural in Islamic societies for there to be a female doctors and teachers. However, she is not required to participate in trade, vocation or professions unless necessary. A woman must receive her husbands approval in order to work, because he may feel that her work will cause her to neglect her marital duties and care of the childrenMuslim women just like the men are prohibited from taking on jobs that sell her femininity to make money (dancing, prostitution, modeling etc) even if her husband doesnt mind. Apart from those jobs that are prohibited in Islam all others are lawful. A women is entitled to equal pay of equal work of equal value, this concept was established by Islam centuries ago. Although a woman can inherit from her father, children and husbands when before Islam she could not inherit at all, the rate of her inheritance is half that of a man. In order to requisite this apparent unfairness, Islam gives women many privileges e.g. dowry which is obligatory and is her own. Quran saysAnd give women their dowries as a free gift (44)A woman has the right to choose who she marries and shouldnt be laboured to marry anyone with out her wish. She can even have her marriage annulled in a court of law if she can prove that her parents/guardians went ahead with it against her will.Yet there is a resounding silence when the issue being raised is Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), honor killings, forced marriages, the unequalised application of had d punishments on women, or the denial of education to girls and women. All of these wrongs are perpetrated on women in the name of Islam. Genital mutilation for females is not allowed in Islam? Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him clearly prohibited mutilation or maiming of the body. While it is true that many of these violations occur across cultural and religious boundaries, the only follow out often taken by worldly-minded Muslims is a condemnation of the action because it is cultural and not Islamic. Meanwhile, women continue to be murdered and little girls continue to be mutilated.Polygamy is a misunderstood phenomenon that is more a remedial law in Islam than anything else, used only if necessary. Monotheism is a norm in Muslim societies past and present, and one must remember that prior to Islam, men could have as many wives as they desired. so much that many women were deserted for long periods of time. The verse in the record book that legitimates polygamy was revealed aft er the battle of uhud, when many widows and orphans were left without care. Hence at the time polygamy was the answer. Although in some extreme circumstances e.g.when the wife is a barren, seriously ill, and mentally unstable or has a bad character. In these character references a man can marry again if he feels the presence of the second wife will benefit the wife, the children or him. However Islam insist that the man treat both wives equally in every aspect possible.The quran saysIf you fear that you will not be able to deal justly with orphans, marry women of your choice , two or three or four but if you fear that you will not be able to deal justly with them, then(prenominal) only one (43)Islam recognizes that marriages are sacred and are a civil contract between husband and wife which should work or be dismantled if it ceases to do so. Although Islam permits divorce the prophet (pbuh) saysOf all the things that Islam has permitted, divorce is the most hated by Allah. This sh ows divorce shouldnt be taken lightly. Divorce is a right mainly available to men (although a woman can demand to have it in a marriage contract).As well When Islam discusses the deficiencies of women it is neither insulting them nor belittling them. Some men, unfortunately, do precisely that when they quote the words of the Prophet (peace be upon him) that women have a deficiency in their intellect and their religion. They take these words out of context as a means of oppressing women and putting them down.The Prophet (peace be upon him) meant something quite different. He said I have never seen among those who have a deficiency in their intellect and their religion anyone more capable than women of swaying the intellect of the most determined of men. He is actually asserting here the power of women to influence men and sway their opinion. This is one of the distinctions that women, in their natures, have.He then went on to fixate precisely what he meant by these deficiencies. In the remainder of the hadth, some women asked him O courier of Allah, what is this deficiency in our intelligence and religion? He replied Isnt it that a womans testimony as a witness is half of the testimony of man? They said Yes. He said This, then, is the deficiency in her intelligence. Isnt it true that when she is in her menses, she leaves off prayers and fasting? They said Yes. He said This is the deficiency in her religion. Therefore to every male witness there desire to be two female witnesses also because of their lack of knowledge and experience women are not preferred to be positioned as judges in Islam. There is no specific directive of the Shariah that prohibits a woman from leading prayers. Therefore, we cannot say that Islam prohibits a woman from leading prayers.The matter actually relates to the general practice of the Prophet (pbuh), which was subsequently followed by the Muslim leaders that followed the Prophet (pbuh). This practice of the Prophet (pbuh) as well a s the Muslim leaders, who followed him, subsequently became a part of the social traditions of the Muslims. Thus, it is not a directive of the Shariah, but a part of the Muslim cultural tradition that men, rather than women should lead prayers. This gender-based distinction, it seems, has its basis on a a few(prenominal) important facts.For instance, although the Prophet (pbuh) encouraged Muslim women to come to the mosques to offer their obligatory prayers with the congregation, yet it was not as strong a directive for them, as it was for the Muslim men. The nature and the variance of the Prophet (pbuh)s directive has generally resulted in a lower number of Muslim women being present in mosques, as compared to men. In many places, women are not even seen (even in lower numbers) in mosques. Thus, especially when the over whelming majority of people present in mosques consists of men, it was natural that a man was appointed as the Imam to lead the prayers.Moreover, because the Imam holds a central position in the mosque and naturally becomes the center of attention for all those who are present, it seemed a better decision that a man, rather than a woman, be appointed for this position. We obviously do not have any attend over the thoughts and emotions of all those present in the mosque. Thus, to keep the minds clear of any sexual thoughts, especially in the mosques, it was felt more appropriate to appoint a man as the Imam.These are a few of the points that have played a role in the general acceptance of this socio-cultural tradition among the Muslims. The matter, as I have stated earlier does not pertain to any prohibition of the Shariah.Women are very capable of taking on any job antecedently monopolized by men, said Ms Hindi, a former English literature student at a college in Mecca, her home town.Women not allowed to drive cars in Saudi Arabia because of the ban on women driving in Saudi Arabia was made functionary only in 1990 after 47 women demonstrat ed against what was then a customary law by driving a convoy of cars in Riyadh. They were arrested and detained until male relatives signed undertakings that they would not violate the ban again. The ban was made official by a fatwa issued by the Council of Senior Ulama (religious scholars). Women driving leads too many evils . . . included among these is her mixing with men without her being on her guard, the fatwa said.O courier of Allah, who is the person who has the greatest right on me with regards to kindness and attention? He replied, Your receive. Then who? He replied, Your induce. Then who? He replied, Your mother. Then who? He replied, Your father.In another tradition, the Prophet advised a believer not to join the war against the Quraish in defense of Islam, but to look after his mother, saying that his expediency to his mother would be a cause of his salvation. Muawiyah, the son of Jahimah, reported that Jahimah came to the Prophet (peace be upon him) and said, Messen ger of Allah I want to join the fighting (in the path of Allah) and I have come to seek your advice. He said, Then remains in your mothers service, because Paradise is under her feet.The Prophets followers accepted his teachings and brought about a revolution in their social attitude towards women. They no longer considered women as mere chattels, but as an integral part of society. For the first off time women were given the right to have a share in inheritance. In the new social climate, women rediscovered themselves and became highly active members of society rendering utilizable service during the wars which the pagan Arabs forced on the emerging Muslim umma. They carried provisions for the soldiers, nursed them, and even fought alongside them if it was necessary. It became a common sight to see women dowry their husbands in the fields, carrying on trade and business independently, and going out of their homes to satisfy their call fors.Among my followers the best of men are those who are best to their wives, and the best of women are those who are best to their husbands. To each of such women is set down a reward equivalent to the reward of a thousand martyrs. Among my followers, again, the best of women are those who assist their husbands in their work, and love them dearly for everything, save what is a transgression of Allahs laws.The Shariah regards women as the spiritual and intellectual equals of men.The Shariah requires a man, as head of the family, to consult with his family and then to have the final say in decisions concerning it. In doing so he must not abuse his prerogative to cause any injury to his wife.The word of the Prophet (peace be upon him), the queen of her house, and this is the position a true believer is expected to give his wife. In contrast to these enlightened teachings of Islam in respect of women, Western talk of womens liberation or emancipation is actually a disguised form of exploitation of her body, deprivation of her honour, and degradation of her soulManji is lesbian and has adamantly argued that the condemnation of homosexuality by most strains of traditional Islam is at odds with Quranic doctrine that Allah makes excellent everything which He creates. Her partner is Michelle Douglas, a Canadian activist.Manji has been a blunt critic of orthodox Islam, especially that treatment of women by some Muslims. She does not wear a headscarf or chador whereas most traditional Muslim women do observe the hijab. She has criticized the Palestinian leadership and the opinions of some Muslims about Israel.WOMEN IN THE QURAN AND THE SUNNAHProf. Abdur Rahman I. Doi Professor and Director, Center for Islamic Legal Studies, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaira, Nigeria.In Islam there is absolutely no difference between men and women as far as their relationship to Allah is concerned, as both are promised the same reward for good conduct and the same punishment for evil conduct. The Quran saysAnd for women are rights over men similar to those of men over women. (2226)The Quran, in addressing the believers, often uses the expression, believing men and women to emphasize the equality of men and women in regard to their respective duties, rights, virtues and merits. It saysFor Muslim men and women, for believing men and women, for devout men and women, for true men and women, for men and women who are patient and constant, for men and women who humble themselves, for men and women who give in charity, for men and women who fast, for men and women who guard their chastity, and for men and women who engage much in Allahs praise, for them has Allah prepared forgiveness and great reward. (3335)Enter into Paradise, you and your wives, with delight. (4370)Who so does that which is right, and believes, whether male or female, him or her will We quicken to happy life. (1697)The Quran admonishes those men who oppress or ill-treat womenThe Prophet of Islam (peace be upon him) said,Women are the twin halves of men.The Quran emphasizes the essential unity of men and women in a most beautiful simileThey (your wives) are your garment and you are a garment for them. (2187)Just as a garment hides our nakedness, so do husband and wife, by entering into the relationship of marriage, secure each others chastity. The garment gives comfort to the body so does the husband find comfort in his wifes company and she in his. The garment is the grace, the beauty, the embellishment of the body, so too are wives to their husbands as their husbands are to them. Islam does not consider woman an instrument of the Devil, but rather the Quran calls her muhsana a fortress against Satan because a good woman, by marrying a man, helps him keep to the path of rectitude in his life. It is for this reason that marriage was considered by the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) as a most virtuous act. He said When a man marries, he has completed one half of his religion. He enjoined matrimony on Muslims by saying M arriage is part of my way and whoever keeps away from my way is not from me (i.e. is not my follower). The Quran has given the raison dtre of marriage in the following wordsAnd among His signs is this that He has created for you mates from among yourselves, that you may dwell in tranquility with them and He has put love and mercy between you. Verily in that are signs for those who reflect. (3021)The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was full of praise for virtuous and chaste women. He saidThe world and all things in the world are precious but the most precious thing in the world is a virtuous woman. He once told the future khalif, Umar Shall I not inform you about the best treasure a man can hoard? It is a virtuous wife who pleases him whenever he looks towards her, and who guards herself when he is absent from her.On other occasions the Prophet saidThe best property a man can have is a remembering tongue (about Allah), a grateful heart and a believing wife who helps him in his f aith. And again The world, the whole of it, is a commodity and the best of the commodities of the world is a virtuous wife.The Prophet (peace be upon him) was most emphatic in enjoining upon Muslims to be kind to their women when he delivered his famous khutba on the Mount of Mercy at Arafat in the presence of one hundred and twenty-four thousand of his Companions who had gathered there for the Hajj al-Wada (Farewell Pilgrimage). In it he ordered those present, and through them all those Muslims who were to come later, to be respectful and kind towards women. He saidFear Allah regarding women. Verily you have married them with the trust of Allah, and made their bodies lawful with the word of Allah. You have got (rights) over them, and they have got (rights) over you in respect of their food and clothing according to your means.One who makes efforts (to help) the widow or a poor person is like a mujahid (warrior) in the path of Allah, or like one who stands up for prayers in the nigh t and fasts in the day.O Messenger of Allah, who is the person who has the greatest right on me with regards to kindness and attention? He replied, Your mother. Then who? He replied, Your mother. Then who? He replied, Your mother. Then who? He replied, Your father.In another tradition, the Prophet advised a believer not to join the war against the Quraish in defense of Islam, but to look after his mother, saying that his service to his mother would be a cause of his salvation. Muawiyah, the son of Jahimah, reported that Jahimah came to the Prophet (peace be upon him) and said, Messenger of Allah I want to join the fighting (in the path of Allah) and I have come to seek your advice. He said, Then remain in your mothers service, because Paradise is under her feet.The Prophets followers accepted his teachings and brought about a revolution in their social attitude towards women. They no longer considered women as a mere chattels, but as an integral part of society. For the first time w omen were given the right to have a share in inheritance. In the new social climate, women rediscovered themselves and became highly active members of society rendering useful service during the wars which the pagan Arabs forced on the emerging Muslim umma. They carried provisions for the soldiers, nursed them, and even fought alongside them if it was necessary. It became a common sight to see women helping their husbands in the fields, carrying on trade and business independently, and going out of their homes to satisfy their needs.Among my followers the best of men are those who are best to their wives, and the best of women are those who are best to their husbands. To each of such women is set down a reward equivalent to the reward of a thousand martyrs. Among my followers, again, the best of women are those who assist their husbands in their work, and love them dearly for everything, save what is a transgression of Allahs laws.The Shariah regards women as the spiritual and intel lectual equals of men.The Shariah requires a man, as head of the family, to consult with his family and then to have the final say in decisions concerning it. In doing so he must not abuse his prerogative to cause any injury to his wife.The words of the Prophet (peace be upon him), the queen of her house, and this is the position a true believer is expected to give his wife. In contrast to these enlightened teachings of Islam in respect of women, Western talk of womens liberation or emancipation is actually a disguised form of exploitation of her body, deprivation of her honour, and degradation of her soulhttp//www.allaahuakbar.net/womens/rights_of_women_guaranteed_by_islam.htmA COLLECTION OF REFERENCES FROM THE QURAN AND HADEETH ABOUT THE RIGHTS OF WOMEN GUARANTEED BY ISLAMSpiritual Equality of Women and MenAllah has got ready forgiveness and tremendous rewards for the Muslim men and women the believing men and women the devout men and women the truthful men and women the patiently suffering men and women the humble men and women the almsgiving men and women the fasting men and women, the men and women who guard their chastity and the men and women who are exceedingly mindful of Allah. (Al-Ahzab 3335)Attitudes towards womenO ye who believe Ye are forbidden to inherit women against their will. Nor should ye treat them with harshness, that ye may take away part of the dower ye have given them,-except where they have been guilty of open lewdness on the contrary live with them on a footing of kindness and equity. If ye take a dislike to them it may be that ye dislike a thing, and Allah brings about through it a great deal of good. (An-Nisa 419)Collaboration and consultationThe believing men and women, are associates and helpers of each other. They (collaborate) to promote all that is beneficial and discourage all that is evil to establish prayers and give alms, and to obey Allah and his Messenger. Those are the people whom Allah would grant mercy. thence Allah i s Mighty and Wise. (Al-Taubah 971)Womens remediate to Attend MosquesNarrated Ibn Umar The Prophet (p.b.u.h) said, Allow women to go to the Mosques at night. (Bukhari Volume 2, Book 13, fare 22)Ibn Umar reported The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said Do not deprive women of their share of the mosques, when they seek permission from you. Bilal said By Allah, we would certainly prevent them. Abdullah said I say that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said it and you say We would certainly prevent them (Sahih Muslim Book 004, Number 0891)The Common Performance of AblutionsNarrated Ibn Umar It used to be that men and women would perform ablutions to blendher in the time of the Messenger of Allahs assembly. (Bukhari 1 Ch. 45, Book of Ablution)Womens Right of ProposalNarrated Sahl A woman came to the Prophet, and presented herself to him (for marriage). He said, I am not in need of women these days. Then a man said, O Allahs Apostle Marry her to me. The Prophet a sked him, What have you got? He said, I have got nothing. The Prophet said, Give her something, even an iron ring. He said, I have got nothing. The Prophet asked (him), How much of the Quran do you know (by heart)? He said, So much and so much. The Prophet said, I have married her to you for what you know of the Quran. (Bukhari Volume 7, Book 62, Number 72)Womens Right of PermissionNarrated Abu Huraira The Prophet said, A matron should not be given in marriage except after consulting her and a virgin should not be given in marriage except after her permission. The people asked, O Allahs Apostle How can we know her permission? He said, Her silence (indicates her permission). (Bukhari Volume 7, Book 62, Number 67)The Right of Women not to be forcedNarrated Ibn Abbas Bariras husband was a slave called Mughith, as if I am seeing him now, going behind Barira and weeping with his tears flowing down his beard. The Prophet said to Abbas, O Abbas are you not astonished at the love of Mughi th for Barira and the hatred of Barira for Mughith? The Prophet then said to Barira, Why dont you come about to him? She said, O Allahs Apostle Do you order me to do so? He said, No, I only intercede for him. She said, I am not in need of him. (Bukhari Volume 7, Book 63, Number 206)The Characteristics of a Believing ManNarrated AbuHurayrah Allahs Messenger (pbuh) said a believing man should not hate a believing woman if he dislikes one of her characteristics, he will be pleased with another. (Muslim Book 8, Number 3469)The Education of WomenNarrated Abu Said A woman came to Allahs Apostle and said, O Allahs Apostle Men (only) benefit by your teachings, so please devote to us from (some of) your time, a day on which we may come to you so that you may teach us of what Allah has taught you. Allahs Apostle said, Gather on such-and-such a day at such-and-such a place. They gathered and Allahs Apostle came to them and taught them of what Allah had taught him. (Bukhari Volume 9, Book 92, Number 413)On the Treatment of WomenNarrated Muawiyah al-Qushayri I went to the Apostle of Allah (pbuh) and asked him What do you say (command) about our wives? He replied Give them food what you have for yourself, and clothe them by which you clothe yourself, and do not beat them, and do not revile them. (Sunan Abu Dawud Book 11, Number 2139) The best of you is one who is best towards his family and I am best towards the family. (At-Tirmithy). None but a noble man treats women in an honourable manner. And none but an ignoble treats women disgracefully. (At-Tirmithy).A Husbands AttitudeUmar ibn al-Khattab (RA) said that a man came to his house to complain about his wife. On reaching the door of his house, he hears Umars wife shouting at him and reviling him. Seeing this, he was about to go back, thinking that Umar himself was in the same position and, therefore, could hardly suggest any solution for his problem. Umar (RA) saw the man turn back, so he called him and enquired about th e role of his visit. He said that he had come with a complaint against his wife, but turned back on seeing the Caliph in the same position.Umar (RA) told him that he tolerated the excesses of his wife for she had certain rights against him. He said, Is it not true that she prepares food for me, washes clothes for me and suckles my children, thus saving me the expense of employing a cook, a washerman and a nurse, though she is not legally obliged in any way to do any of these things? Besides, I enjoy peace of mind because of her and am kept away from indecent acts on account of her. I therefore tolerate all her excesses on account of these benefits. It is right that you should also adopt the same attitude. quoted in Rahman, mathematical function of Muslim Women page 149The Prophets Disapproval of Women BeatersPatient behavior was the practice of the Prophet, even when his wife dared to address him harshly. Once his mother-in-law- saw her daughter break him with her fist on his nob le chest. When the enraged mother -in-law began to reproach her daughter, the Prophet smilingly said, Leave her alone they do worse than that. And once Abu Bakr, his father-in-law, was invited to settle some misunderstanding between him and Aishah.The Prophet said to her, Will you speak, or shall I speak? Aisha said, You speak, but do not say except the truth. Abu Bakr was so outraged that he immediately struck her severely, forcing her to run and seek protection behind the back of the Prophet. Abu Bakr said, O you the enemy of herself Does the Messenger of Allah say but the truth? The Prophet said, O Abu Bakr, we did not invite you for this harsh dealing with Aishah, nor did we anticipate it. quoted in Mutual Rights and Obligationshttp//www.allaahuakbar.net/womens/women_sharia_and_oppression.htmA lot of attention has been focused on the issue of Muslim women and human rights since September 11, almost all of it by non Muslims. Once again, images of women swathed in black veils or blue burqas are de rigeur, as the media soberly reminds us that Muslim women are not considered equals to men in Islam, and that they are oppressed even by the moderate regimes in the Muslim world.From the Muslims, we have one of two receptions. The first is the reaction of the liberal, reformist, secular Muslims. They believe that Sharia oppresses women, and that we need to completely overhaul it, or toss out sections of the Quran that are uncomfortable, or institute secular forms of political science that crash the sacred from the legal all together. These are the same Muslims who equate Hijab with oppression, and who support the denial of free speech rights to Islamists (all the while, crying for their rights to free speech in countries where it is denied). They take their political thought not from Islamic sources, but from feminism, socialism, and capitalism. Naturally, it is to these Muslims that the Western media turns when it wants a Muslim perspective on Muslim issues.On the other side, we have the organizers of the mainstream conservative Muslims, the leaders of our civic societies, advocacy groups, and associations. When presented with instances of womens oppression in the Islamic world, these Muslims, almost always men, respond defensively. They cart out examples of womens oppression in the Western world, or worse, they address the issue by lecturing the questioner about the virtues of the Ideal Place of Women in Ideal Islam. In other words, they treat the ideal that we are all aspire to as the reality on the ground. Pressed into taking a stand on real life issues, they bow out in anger. Thats culture, not Islam, it has nothing to do with me as a Muslim, they sniff.Who speaks for them? Most often, it is the United Nations, human rights groups, and feminist organizations, led by people who have no foundations of knowledge in Islam, and who often have a real antipathy for Islam. While the Feminist Majority Fund was selling swatches of burqa and pe titioning the government for action on behalf of Afghan women, the leaders of our Islamic societies stayed silent. Publicly, many Islamic leaders and organizations disassociated themselves from the Taliban, but other than denying them entry into the Organization of Islamic Conferences (OIC), they took no action to petition the Taliban for change from an Islamic view, or form any sort of Islamic opposition.Perhaps this is because when any Islamic organization or individual Muslim attempts to change or speak out about injustices towards Muslim women, the rest of the community circles the wagons. These lone souls are labeled radical feminists, and accused of attempting to undermine Islam.Strangely, when a Muslim womans Islamic rights are violated, many organizations are eager to speak out and petition. For example, when Merve Kavacki was denied her seat in the Turkish Parliament because of her headscarf (and later stripped of her citizenship), Muslim groups were quick to condemn the Tu rkish government, as they should have. In many Western Muslim circles, Merve has been elevated to a symbol of the struggle muhajabat women baptistry in secular societies.Yet there is a resounding silence when the issue being raised is Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), honor killings, forced marriages, the unequal application of hadd punishments on women, or the denial of education to girls and women. All of these wrongs are perpetrated on women in the name of Islam. While it is true that many of these violations occur across cultural and religious boundaries, the only action often taken by conservative Muslims is a condemnation of the action because it is cultural and not Islamic. Meanwhile, women continue to be murdered and little girls continue to be mutilated.In Africa, conservative sheikhs teamed up with womens rights advocates to educate people about the harms of Female Genital Mutilation. These people get very little mention in the Western media, which, of course, paints the I slamists as the opponents of an enlightened, secular minority of liberal Muslims.About a year ago, a small band of conservative Muslim women, almost all of us from the West, came up with the idea of starting a Muslim womens human rights group, to petition and advocate for the rights of Muslim women as they are given in the Sharia of Islam. Although slow to start, we have managed to form a basis from which to work, and have taken up our first case.Right now, a Muslim woman in Nigeria is under a death sentence from the Sharia court for the crime of adultery. The situation came to the attention of the authorities when the man who impregnated her decided to confess his crime to the police, rather than pay the child support that her father asked of him. There are many glaring errors in the case, from a classical, Jewish-Orthodox fiqh point of view. These errors (which would aid the woman) are not coming from a reformist reinterpretation of Sharia, these errors are so great that any of t he qadis of the past would have thrown the case against her out.Prophet Mohammed, sallalahu aleyhi wa salaam, was mocked and assaulted because of his strong and courageous stance on the status of women. He came with a message that lifted women up and gave them dignity. Fourteen hundred years later, we have descended back into the dark pit of Jahiliya, and Muslim women around the world find themselves cast into the same slavery that the Prophet, sallalahu aleyhi wa salaam, was sent to liberate them from.It does not make you a radical feminist to decry honor killings and volunteer for peaceful campaigns to educate and change laws. Raising your voice against Female Genital Mutilation does not mean you want to undermine Islam. To the contrary, working against these injustices in the way of Allah is a manifestation of the desire to uplift Islam and the Muslim people.When the Taliban decided to deny education to any girl over a certain age, it is the conservative Muslims, the ones who pro fess adherence to Quran and Sunnah that should have spoken the loudest against this. The longer we stay silent, the more people, both Muslim and non Muslim, will begin to equate Sharia with the oppression of women.

Microsoft Environment Analysis Essay

Microsoft Environment AnalysisWriting Assignment1. What vulnerabilities exist for this workgroup LAN based on the advisories? List phoebe bird of them. a. 2401593 CVE-2010-3213b. 2264072 CVE-2010-1886*c. 980088 CVE-2010-0255d. 975497 CVE-2009-3103e. 98343 CVE-2010-0817*2. Do any vulnerabilities involve privilege elevation? Is this considered a high priority growth? a. Only two from the five listed in question matchless are privileged elevation and identified by the asterisk alongside the CVE number. They are of importance but not considered a high priority issue as asked.3. Identify and document at least three vulnerabilities and the solutions related to the client configurations. a. advisory way out 977981a.i. Solution This security update resolves four privately reported vulnerabilities and one publicly disclosed vulnerability in mesh Explorer. The vulnerabilities could allow remote code execution if a user views a particularly crafted Web page using Internet Explorer. User s whose accounts are configured to have fewer user rights on the system could be less impacted than users who wreak with administrative user rights b. Advisory Number 979352b.i. Solution This security update resolves seven privately reported vulnerabilities and one publicly disclosed vulnerability in Internet Explorer. The more severe vulnerabilities could allow remote code execution if a user views a specially crafted Web page using Internet Explorer. Users whose accounts are configured to have fewer user rights on the system could be less impacted than users who operate with administrative user rights. c.Advisory Number 954157c.i. Solution The update also removes the ability for this codec to be loaded when browsing the Internet with any other applications. By only allowing applications to use the Indeo codec when the media content is from the topical anaesthetic system or from the intranet zone, and by preventing Internet Explorer and Windows Media Player from launching the cod ec at all, this update removes the most common remote attack vectors but remedy allows games or other applications that leverage the codec locally to continue to function.Works CitedMicrosoft Security Advisory. (2009, December 8). Retrieved March 31, 2012, from Microsoft Security Adivosry 954157 web Microsoft Security Advisory. (2010, January 14). Retrieved March 31, 2012, from Microsoft Security Advisory 979352 web